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Montero M, Brini M, Marsault R et al (1995) Monitoring dynamic changes in free Ca 2+ concentration in the endoplasmic reticulum of intact cells. Kass GEN, Orrenius S (1999) Calcium signaling and cytotoxicity. Ĭai X, Wang X, Patel S, Clapham DE (2015) Insights into the early evolution of animal calcium signaling machinery: a unicellular point of view. Kazmierczak J, Kempe S, Kremer B (2013) Calcium in the early evolution of living systems: a biohistorical approach. Verkhratsky A, Parpura V (2014) Calcium signalling and calcium channels: evolution and general principles. Cell Mol Life Sci 57(3):354–370Ĭase RM, Eisner D, Gurney A, Jones O, Muallem S, Verkhratsky A (2007) Evolution of calcium homeostasis: from birth of the first cell to an omnipresent signalling system. īrini M, Carafoli E (2000) Calcium signalling: a historical account, recent developments and future perspectives. This chapter will review the role of Ca 2+ signaling in mediating the function of the mitochondria and its involvement in health and disease with special focus on the pathophysiology of cancer.
Therefore, targeting the mitochondrial Ca 2+ signaling involved in the bioenergetic and apoptotic pathways could serve as potential approaches to treat cancer patients. Ca 2+ regulates the mitochondrial respiration rate which in turn increases ATP synthesis, but too much Ca 2+ can also trigger the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway however, cancer cells have evolved mechanisms to modulate mitochondrial Ca 2+ influx and efflux in order to sustain their metabolic demand and ensure their survival. Much of the function of the mitochondria relies on Ca 2+ homeostasis and the presence of effective Ca 2+ signaling to maintain the balance between mitochondrial function and dysfunction and subsequently, cell survival. As the powerhouses of the cell, the mitochondria represent the essence of cellular life and as such, a selective advantage for cancer cells.
Despite limitations in studying the structure and function of the mitochondria, advances in our understanding of this organelle prompted the development of potential treatments for various diseases, from neurodegenerative conditions to muscular dystrophy and cancer. The pioneering work of Richard Altman on the presence of mitochondria in cells set in motion a field of research dedicated to uncovering the secrets of the mitochondria.
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